توضیحات:

فصل دوم پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد (پیشینه و مبانی نظری پژوهش)
همراه با منبع نویسی درون متنی به شیوه APA جهت استفاده فصل دو پایان نامه
توضیحات نظری کامل در مورد متغیر پیشینه داخلی و خارجی در مورد متغیر مربوطه و متغیرهای مشابه
رفرنس نویسی و پاورقی دقیق و مناسب
منبع : انگلیسی وفارسی دارد (به شیوه APA)
نوع فایل: ورد و قابل ویرایش با فرمت .docx

سرفصل های پروژه شامل موارد زیر است :

مقدمه

مدل تحلیل عاملی واتسون و تلگن( 1985)

تفاوت فرهنگ و عاطفه منفی

پژوهش های انجام شده پیرامون عاطفه منفی و مثبت

تعاریف عاطفه مثبت و منفی

عاطفه مثبت و روانشناسی مثبت گرا

● عواطف مثبت کدام هستند؟

● تأثیرپذیری هیجانی

مشخصات فایل:

پرسشنامه رایگان:ندارد

نوع فایل:word

منبع: دارد (فارسی و لاتین)

پیشینه پژوهش:دارد(ایرانی و خارجی)

تعداد صفحات:30

گارانتی بازگشت وجه:دارد ( کیفیت این فایل تضمین شده است درصورت هرگونه مشکل یا نارضایتی احتمالی مبلغ شما بازگردانده می شود)

خلاصه ای از مطالب:

مقدمه

عاطفه منفی شبیه به روان رنجورخویی در ابعاد شخصیتی 5 گانه است. عواطف منفی به تفاوت های فردی در جهت تمایل به تجربه هیجان منفی و خود پنداره منفی بر می گردد. چندین مطالعه نشان داده اند که عاطفه منفی بررابطه میان استرس و دریافت شناختی استرس تاثیر می گذارد. مطالعات اخیر یافته های ناهمگونی میان عاطفه منفی و استرس ها بدست آورده اند. بعضی محققان نیز نتایج خنثی بدست آورده اند. مطالعات متعددی صورت گرفته است که عاطفه منفی و مثبت صفات مستقلی هستند (کارپنتر و همکاران، 2012).

عاطفه مثبت گرایش به تجربه احساسات خوشایند شدید بر می گردد و در قطب بالای آن شور و هیجان و خوشحالی وجود دارد و در قطب پایین آن این احساسات غایب هستند و وجود ندارند. اما الزاما عواطف منفی وجود ندارد. عاطفه منفی گرایش به تجربه احساسات ناخوشایند شدید می باشد و در قطب بالای آن احساساتی نظیر خشم، اضطراب و... وجود دارد و در قطب پایین آن این احساسات وجود ندارد ولی الزاما عواطف مثبت وجود ندارد (آیزن، 2012). عاطفه مثبت حالتی از انرژی فعال، تمرکز زیاد و اشتغال به کار لذت بخش می باشد. عاطفه مثبت در برگیرنده طیف گسترده ای از حالت های خلقی مثبت از جمله شادی، احساس توانمندی، شور و شوق، علاقه و اعتماد به نفس است. بر خلاف عاطفه منفی که دارای یک بعد عمومی از نا امیدی درونی و عدم اشتغال به کار لذت بخش است و به دنبال آن حالتهای خلقی اجتنابی از قبیل خشم ، غم، نفرت، حقارت، احساس گناه، ترس و عصبانیت پدید می آید (واتسون و همکاران، 1985). مطالعاتی که در زمینه ساختار عاطفی صورت گرفته است به نحو ثابت به دو بعد مسلط ((عاطفه مثبت)) و (( عاطفه منفی)) دست یافته اند (واتسون و همکاران، 1988). به طور کلی عاطفه مثبت نشان می دهد یک شخص تا چه حد شور و شوق به زندگی دارد و چه میزان احساس فاعلیت و هشیاری می کند. ((عاطفه مثبت بالا)) بر انرژی زیاد، تمرکز کامل و اشتغال لذت بخش و ((عاطفه مثبت پایین)) بر غمگینی و رخوت تمرکز دارد (بخشی پور و دژکام، 1384). عاطفه مثبت و منفی بیانگر ابعاد اصلی حالات عاطفی می باشند (واتسون و همکاران، 1988). به نظر می رسد افرادی که عاطفه مثبت زیادی را تجربه می کنند، باید عاطفه منفی کمتری را نیز تجربه کنند و اشخاصی که عاطفه

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